Mineral oils used in veterinary vaccines are derived from petroleum distillation with one exception of Shell Ondina oleo line, which uses the GTL – gas to liquid technology using natural gas instead of crude oil, claiming an absence of polycyclic aromatics or pristane, hopanes, or steranes. They are also free of sulfur and nitrogen compounds …
One commonly used adjuvant formulation is derived from Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (without mycobacterium). It comprises 10% v/v mannide monooleate, 40% paraffin oil, and an aqueous phase. Mannitol monooleate is a pasty yellow viscous liquid that needs to be mixed with mineral oil and used only after complete solubilization and sterilization. This adjuvant is highly potent …
Another commonly used adjuvant in veterinary and human vaccines is the yellow powder produced from a tree native to South America, specifically in Chile. They are extensively used as a foaming agent in root beer, slurpees, swine food, and vaccines. Also known as the soapbark tree, Quillaja Saponaria is the source of material for some …
Adjuvants are substances that help to boost the immune response when administered with an antigen. This term comes from the Latin “adjuvare” meaning “to help”. Adjuvants can help create potent and long-lasting immune response with fewer doses and reduced antigen content. One type of adjuvant used in veterinary vaccines is called emulsion. It contains liquid and continuous dispersed …